Author: Land8: Landscape Architects Network

Vancouver land bridge, designed by Jones & Jones Architecture. The biggest of the six installations of Confluence Project, the Vancouver Land Bridge reconnects the Columbia River with Fort Vancouver in the most natural way. A serpentine pedestrian walk full of native vegetation with a strong concept that commemorates the bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark expedition, a journey made from the Mississippi River to the Pacific coast in the beginning of the 19th century. Jones & Jones Architecture and a Landscape Architecture team from Seattle proposed a smooth, elegant and sustainably conscious bridge. The project has been awarded several times, including 2009 Engineering Excellence Grand Award, 2009 Excellence in Concrete Award, among many others.

History and Site Overview It all started 200 years ago, when president Thomas Jefferson commissioned Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to an expedition across the (now) western portion of the United States, making the Columbia River a stopping place for these travelers. Archaeological discoveries have revealed artifacts of Native American Cultures, as this path was used by the river-based tribes. Fort Vancouver was also house of the Kanaka Village, the first major multicultural community, it is out of this village that Vancouver, WASH and Portland, OR, grew. The bridge is located over the six-lane State Highway 14 (SR14) in Vancouver, Washington. Between the Vancouver National Historic Reserve and the Columbia River. The Reserve is surrounded by this Highway and other commercial networks. Renowned artist Maya Lin among other artists, architects, landscape architects, civic groups and Pacific Northwest tribes are collaborating in the development of the Confluence Project; six art installations at key points of the Columbia River system, it was not until the Confluence Project came up that the Land Bridge idea was a possibility. Innovative Solutions The Vancouver Land Bridge is the largest and most complex building in the whole series of the Confluence Project. A historic path that gives you an amazing view of the river and its surroundings. If coming from the south, you’ll walk by Lillian Pitt’s Welcome Gate and two canoe panels with a sculpture of a Chinook’s face, which are placed to reflect the site’s importance as a point of contact between European and Native people. Numerous metal, stone, plastic and timber artworks can be found along the bridge’s path. One of the main goals was to restore the now lost connection between the reserve and the river. Native planting was a neccessary part of the project. The elegant figure of the bridge makes it really easy to love: a sharply curved, semicircular shape, with no obvious division lines, everything seems to come natural. A lightweight structure supports all the landscaping loads so it can appear slender to the people driving under it. And while on top of the bridge, you can barely feel the presence of the highway. Soffit and end abutments are decorated with a basketweave pattern, so an interesting concept can be seen from every point of the bridge Keeping an eye on sustainability: all rainwater is canalized to an underground storage pipe which feeds the bridge’s native plants and, during dry periods, the Columbia River aquifer supplements the irrigation system. The Structure The project had to overcome many requirements: a slender bridge capable of carrying heavy dead loads from the native vegetation and soils, site limitations and a very complex geometry. The semi-circle shaped bridge required highly detailed models for a more accurate structural analysis, which resulted in the use of pre-stressed and post-tensioned concrete and a voided deck with CIP upturned edge girders. Getting the curvature was no easy task either, over 20 individual retaining walls were used around the bridge, each wall had its own unique alignment and they were all curved. Also, the transitions between these walls had to be extremely detailed. Planting As it was said before, native vegetation was carefully selected for the project, Red Alder, Pacific dogwood, Oregon white oak gave height to the design, California Oatgrass, Small Fescue, Long-stolon sedge, Slender rush are some of the grasess in the plant palette, while some of the shrubs species were Vine maple, Salal, Oceanspray, Dwarf Oregon grape, among many others. Four different habitats can be found from upland to shoreline. The Vancouver Land Bridge brings together all the elements into one masterpiece, an emblematic icon for the Confluence Project and the city. The path appears as a natural extension of the existing landscape and all patterns, shapes and artworks become an open book of the site’s history. The Land Bridge is a one-of-a-kind experience, creating moments where you can pause and rest to enjoy the view. Recommended reading: Design with Nature  by Ian L. McHarg Article written by Eduardo Reguer. . HOME PAGE

1315 Peachtree Street by Perkins + Will. Not many wake up in the morning and say, “I’m going to design the most sustainable building and site in the world.” Neither do firms for that matter. But back in 2011, the Atlanta office of Perkins+Will completed this goal. Driven by a passion to practice what they preach, Perkins+Will began the process of a multiyear and multidisciplinary planning effort which would place their new office as the highest-scoring LEED certified project in the world at the time of completion. Sustainable Design Perkins+Will is an international multidisciplinary firm which specializes in landscape architecture, architecture, interior design, planning, and more. They have become known for their sustainably innovative designs and more recently for their work on the Atlanta BeltLine.

While the building, an adaptive reuse of a 1985 building, is a design icon unto itself, the landscape is equally as impressive. Having received 95 of the 110 possible credits available for the LEED Platinum certification in 2012, numerous awards, and SITES certification, the site serves as a great example of sustainability. The multidisciplinary team at Perkins+Will had to create a landscape which achieved numerous sustainability goals. In this design, sustainability was not simply a buzz word which secretly meant installing a high-efficiency irrigation system. Currently undergoing research by the Landscape Architecture Foundation and the University of Tennessee, 1315 Peachtree Street has undergone a radical transformation which supports urban social life and captures, treats, and reuses stormwater. Rainwater is captured on the roof and funneled to a 10,000 gallon underground cistern. This water is then transported through a UV filtration system and networked to either the building’s flush fixtures, site irrigation, or to the site water feature. From Start to Finish But don’t be fooled by the seemingly simplified contemporary design. Achieving LEED Platinum status and SITES certification requires a lot of upfront planning in the design phase and proper execution in the construction phase. Proper selection of materials contributes to a more sustainable site. FSC decking, low energy site lighting, long lasting site furnishings, and a mixture of native and adapted plantings all help the design last for years to come. See also:  Visionary Smart Cities Offer a Glimpse of The Future Stormwater infiltration is also encouraged on site with the goal of reducing polluted runoff and reducing the volume of water entering the City’s combined sewer system. A variety of materials have been installed to achieve this ecological relief. Permeable concrete pavers, FSC certified wood decking, and pervious concrete make up the majority of the site’s hardscape. Designers also planned to decrease the heat island effect, light pollution, soil compaction, encourage stormwater cleansing, accommodate social issues like alternative transportation, and create outdoor spaces for social interaction. Social Educator Conceived as a living laboratory, the entire site and building have been designed to offer opportunities for education. Workers and visitors have the opportunity to take guided tours where they learn about the functioning landscape and how the site features are fitting into a larger idea of sustainability. The high-visibility placement of the site’s water feature, which is just outside of the firm’s entrance, serves as a reminder of the water levels in the underground cistern. This in-your-face feature helps serve as a daily reminder that our natural resources are not endless and that our use of these resources directly affects their availability. I think we can agree that designs like 1315 Peachtree Street serve as an exemplar for sustainable design across the globe; especially in the urban environment. The research is planned to be released on the Landscape Architecture Foundation’s website in August of this year. In the meantime you can find out more about the Landscape Architecture Foundation and their Case Study Investigations by visiting their website. Recommended Reading: Design with Nature by Ian L. McHarg Principles of Ecological Landscape Design  by Travis Beck Article written by Cameron Rodman RETURN TO HOME PAGE

Hilgard Garden, an outstanding take on the terraced garden by Mary Barensfeld Architecture. The landscape proposal for Hilgard Garden, designed by Mary Barensfeld, follows a series of simple concepts that are reflected in each element of the garden: elegance, interaction, and simplicity. From the beginning, let’s analyze the visual connection between indoors and outdoors. This concept is gained by respecting the existing topography and using it as the core of the garden. By proposing different levels of landscape, the visual connection between the house and the surrounding forest creates a sensation of being inside a bigger garden and, beyond, being inside the forest.

The topography of the upper garden and upper deck also provides sufficient height to see the San Francisco Bay. The plant palette vegetation, which we will analyze later, also plays a particular role in the upper deck’s function, by obscuring nearby houses and focusing views on San Francisco Bay.

The general geometry of the garden not only responds to topography and the visual interaction of the garden with the forest, but also reacts to the design of the planters, creating a central axis that divides function, colors, and textures of the garden. The character of the axis is reinforced with corten panels and led lights. At night, it becomes the element that changes the perception of the landscape design.

Despite being a small garden, with a minor vegetation proportion, the variety of species creates a special natural treatment. The plant palette consists mainly of trees and shrubs (lemon thyme), arranged in a strategic pattern. For example, the garden only comprehends three trees that follow a zig-zag arrangement. With this, again, the visual integration of the landscape design becomes stronger. The form of shrubs and grasses is not natural, but the result of specific pruning that allows each of the plants to have an elegant and simple ovoid form.

Also see: Award-winning Garden Project Along The Swan River Stunning Contemporary Garden Design!

Cedar shingles are used to create benches that serve as outdoor furniture and as planters. These bench-planters create a strong differentiation between the granite platform, which functions as an extension of the living room, and the garden. One of the most interesting characteristics of the furniture is how each piece represents a different action. While the wooden bench represents the permanent furniture, chairs and table are temporal. Also, the location of the permanent bench is near the shrubs, while the temporal furniture sits away from the plants. This arrangement allows different types of relationships between users and vegetation.

A very good detail to change the conventional fence was the idea of using a different material — the corten wall — combined with bamboo to define it. Contrasting characteristics of both elements creates a new design when we think about fence examples: greens against oranges, horizontality vs. verticality, and nature against mineral. The character of the fence defines itself as a unique element and as outcome of the combination of both elements.

Even though Hilgard Garden is a small outdoor area nestled between two houses, it allows direct connection to the forest and the natural environment of the zone. The landscape design allows this integration by respecting the existing genius loci of the site, proposing specific plant palette vegetation, and disposing specific elements with distinct materials. By mixing all these elements, Hilgard Garden is a perfect example of how landscape architects can change the perception of a space that, sometimes, is considered as a residual space. Recommended reading:  The Garden Source: Inspirational Design Ideas for Gardens and Landscapes by Andrea Jones Private Paradise: Contemporary American Gardens by Charlotte M. Frieze

Article written by Luis Eduardo Guisar Benitez RETURN TO HOME PAGE

Foster + Partners create Masdar City A few kilometers from downtown Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates, an ambitious billionaire project is taking place. Although still in its early stages, Masdar City is already an incredible development that aims at making it among the most sustainable cities of the planet and becoming a research leader in energy-related technologies. Masdar is designed to offer “the highest quality of life with the lowest environmental footprint” by combining appropriate land use with a clean transportation system and energy efficiency approach – from the architectural to the urban scale. Designing For High-Efficiency  The experimental city has currently six completed buildings (three residential, two laboratories and one knowledge centre) which were designed with high-efficiency approach: they have half of the energy and water demand of a conventional building of the same size. All waste water in Masdar is treated and re-used in the irrigation system reducing the water consumption to the minimum.

The city’s master plan and the institute of technology were designed by Foster+Partners and the urban infrastructure constructed by Mott MacDonald Engineering. Many other firms have also contributed to the growth of Masdar and many more will do in the future. Broad Perspective Training With this current “green building” obsession in climate-sensitive design, the urban scale approach is often overlooked; however, the surroundings massively influence on the amount of heat the buildings will be exposed to and, consequently, on their demand for cooling. In Masdar, there is a concern in both small and large scales and a great deal of the energy efficiency achieved is due to passive cooling techniques and use of smart materials. The passive cooling techniques, such as careful orientation of streets for optimized ventilation and overshadowing, result in a thermally comfortable outdoor environment – the air temperature is about 10 degrees lower in Masdar’s streets if compared to downtown Abu Dhabi’s! The Institute of Technology Masdar is expected to have 40 000 residents in the future and is today home to a few hundred who are involved in its development – in particular those working at the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, which is the heart of the city. The institute is a graduate-level university operating in partnership with other universities from around the globe as well as many private corporations. See also:  Design in The Venus Project 10 Ways to Design Climate Sensitive Cities Their research focuses on the following areas: smart buildings and smart grid; green supply chain; (clean) transportation; sustainability management system; energy-efficient lighting and thermal energy (geothermal). Renewable Energy and Transport The zero-carbon emission transportation system will include electric cars, trams, pods and buses. It is important to point out that the urban planning is pedestrian-oriented, with reduced travel distances due to its compactness and mixed land-use. Besides, the traffic operates underneath the city, leaving the ground level exclusively to pedestrians. Masdar is currently powered by a 10 MW photovoltaic plant built across 22 hectares (largest in the Middle East) and there are also additional solar panels installed on top of the buildings across the city. As the production is bigger than the internal demand, the excess energy is sent to Abu Dhabi’s energy grid. Future Smart Cities What does it take a city to be smart? Or sustainable? Be aware that there is no such thing as a “sustainable city”, as sustainability is not something that can ever be achieved. We can, however, have a more sustainable city by either comparing one city to another or the same one in different contexts or moments in time. Cities are facing massive challenges nowadays, changes in the climate and dramatic population growth urge urban planners and decision-makers to seek for smart solutions. A smart city is a community on the path towards a sustainable future – not aiming to reach it as a goal, but rather in a commitment to improve itself by the day. In the words of speechwriter Sean Gresh “a smart city is a city using technologies that enable it to employ solutions that help create a fertile environment for sustainable growth”. Recommended Reading: Design with Nature by Ian L. McHarg Principles of Ecological Landscape Design  by Travis Beck Article written by Julia Lucchese RETURN TO HOME PAGE

Ideo Skyle-Morph Sukhumvit Green Housing Solution Designed by shma It is not a novelty that the increasing growth of the cities resulted in the rise of high buildings to meet the demand for housing. As little space has been left for gardens, most of the urban environments are facing imbalances between constructed and green areas. Different solutions have been presented to revert this scenario, but how many of those are really achievable and sustainable? An example that is worth being studied is Morph Condominium’s landscape design because its authors developed a practical approach to integrate the construction to the surrounding area.

The Design’s Concept Shma Landscape Architectural Company, based in Thailand, introduced the high rising Morph residential condominium in 2013 with reduced impact in a Bangkok’s vicinity where houses and low buildings are still predominant. A garden on the ground floor connects the two buildings to Sukhumvi neighborhood and sets the pace for the green façades and sky gardens. As the designers aimed to integrate the condominium to the surrounding green areas and residences, instead of isolating it, they preferred open boundaries over walls to draw the limits with the neighboring properties and public access. The ground floor garden As in nature high mountains are remarkable when contrasted to lowlands, Morph condominium high buildings are highlighted by being built in the boundaries of a low dense urban environment. But the landscape designers made the transition from the surrounding area to the buildings more natural by creating a tranquil space at the entrance, aligned to the sidewalk, composed by water cascade, wild grass and pine grove. Residents and visitors can access the condominium through a path placed between two green rows among which seats are sheltered by rectangular structures attached to the buildings, providing comfortable spaces to socialize. This pleasant green way connects the condominium’s main entrance to the two residential towers, conducting people to the garden located between them and the lobby area. The program also includes commercial rooms, accentuating the social function of this part of the building.

The green façade

The green area continues throughout the east and west buildings’ facades where climber species were planted in 600 mm depth planters, installed at every floor. Among the characteristics that led the landscapers to choose this kind of plants, the most important ones are their tolerance to wind, fast growth and easy maintenance.

See also: Green Wall Transforms Lifeless Building To guarantee that the green façade works properly, it has also been necessary to design technical and functional details such as an accessible service corridor as well as an auto irrigation and drainage system made by panels attached to an expanded mesh where plants climb to keep being irrigated. The green façade’s costs are outweighed by benefits since they reduce the heat transmission into the building and minimize light reflection on the surroundings. Not to mention that they purify the air and promote a healthier environment by absorbing CO2. The rooftop garden The “sky oasis” located on the 32nd floor is organized to form different environments where residents can rest, socialize, and have recreational and physical activities. The designers took full advantage of the rooftop space and created two small gardens on the east and west ends under different concepts. On the east side, the space features a “pocket space” with seats behind the barbecue area and playground, characterizing a place to socialize. The garden on west is more private and is linked to the swimming pool area which is itself divided in lap pool, Jacuzzi and kids’ pool. At its surroundings, people can rest and sunbathe on the deck or on the seating area. Opposed to the swimming pool there is the lawn and the cabanas, completing the leisure area and promoting more green space on the building’s surface. As in the façade’s design, the choice for tropical plants resistant to wind was fundamental to the successful garden’s completion. Shma architects have shown that landscape design is essential to both attenuate the impact that denser buildings cause in areas under growing residential development and improve the residents’ quality of life. By researching and developing specific solutions, they brought comfort to leisure and social spaces and delivered an aesthetical and thermic efficient project. Design Director: Yossapon Boonsom Senior Landscape Architect – Yossit Poonprasit Landscape Architect – Anongnard Jungmongkolsawat Horticulturist – Tanee Sawasdee Recommended Reading: The Vertical Garden: From Nature to the City by Patrick Blanc Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls by Nigel Dunnett Article written by Tania Gianone. RETURN TO HOME PAGE

RheinRing designed by  Marco Hemmerling. Linking two bridges crossing the Rhine in Cologne, Germany, could have been a simple exercise in functionality. But the RheinRing, designed by Marco Hemmerling, would be a work of art providing an ambient space where people can socialize and linger. The sweeping arc of the planned structure adds an essence of modern art and surrealism to an area often filled with art afficionados and tourists visiting the Ludwig museum.

The RheinRing, to be located in one of the most significant public urban spaces of Cologne, would link the Hohenzollernbrücke and Deutzer Brücke bridges. It would represent the city’s new center, as well as be the link between the two halves of Cologne’s inner core. Hemmerling’s design, with a structural concept by Stefan Polónyi, would gird an area known as the Rhine Carrée, a section of the Rhine river bounded by the riparian hotels of Cologne’s east bank, the landscaped Rhinegarten on the tourist-friendly west bank, the Deutzer bridge to the south, and the famously padlock-laden Hohenzollern bridge to the north. Completing a loop touching all four of these landmarks, the RheinRing would connect the two halves of Cologne without adding an additional span to the river. By cantilevering from the riverbanks and existing bridges, the scheme would improve pedestrian flow throughout the core without the addition of new piers – an obstacle to river traffic – that a traditional bridge would require. The loop’s sinuous, rounded-rectangle shape, technically called a “superellipse”, draws its cues from nearby monuments, including the Lanxess Arena event center and the Ludwig. The track widens subtly at the four points where it makes contact with the riverbank and other bridges – the places where foot traffic is most chaotic – then tapers over the water, where pedestrian turbulence is minimal. The curving track would offer barrier-free access at its four fulcra, making it easy to amble on or off. The circular construction serves as an attractive pedestrian walkway directly accessible from the Altstadt — the historical city center — on the west and from Rhine Boulevard on the east, as well as offering access to the flanking Rhine bridges. The free-floating ring above the river is a light arch construction that picks up formal references to the flanking Rhine bridges, as well as to nearby buildings nearby such as the Lanxess Arena, the main station building, the museum and the Sternwellen shade sail by Frei Otto. The geometry of the RheinRing is based on the mathematical model of a super ellipse, a flattened ellipse that mediates between square and round forms. The bridge above blends smoothly into the square of the Rhine Carrée and, following the same formal principle, forms wider and narrower areas that arise from the planned utilization. The cantilever arch bridge forms a barrier-free, inviting access to the water’s edge and the existing Rhine bridges. Here the new pedestrian promenade joins the existing route, forming a multi-layered road network. Since the support-free suspension requires no additional bridge piers in the Rhine Carrée, river traffic moving along the north-south axis would remain unaffected. The RheinRing would provide pedestrians and cyclists with a more intensive and innovative experience through the urban space. The additional urban space thus gained provides great potential for cultural events, sports, and leisure. By bridging the two sides of the Rhine, the design addresses the central questions broached in connection with the urban development master plan for the inner city of Cologne. Here, multiple synergies are created in particular for the urban space Rhein, the core area, and the east-west link. The curving bridge also mimics the city’s characteristic ring structure, serving both the needs of traffic and for recreation as it forms a new stage for public life in the center of Cologne. Thus, the RheinRing stands as a balanced and perfect elliptical loop of connections. Hemmerling has designed a wonderful, well-balanced masterpiece out of concrete with the help of structural Polonyi, making the RheinRing an icon in the inner city of Cologne — a cantilever hanging between the sprinkles and spray of water. It is not a wedding ring, but it holds much more than a relationship; it is a romantic, lovely place to spend time, laugh with loved ones, and enjoy the water. Recommended reading:  The World’s Most Amazing Bridges (Landmark Top Tens) by Michael Hurley Article written by Sha Sulaiman RETURN TO HOME PAGE

Artistic fire pits from Fire Pit Art Rick Wittrig once purchased a fire pit from a “big box store” only to be immediately disappointed by the quality and craft of the product. Wittrig quickly took matters into his own hands, creating his work with the mission of creating handcrafted, long-lasting, artful, and functional fire pits. The features are welded by hand, shaped, designed, and molded with immense care. As an artist, metalworker, and craftsman, Wittrig says, “Where others might see a pile of rusty metal, I see art in the making.”

Landscape Use The designs by Rick are typically used as a focal point and gathering place in the landscape. While often specified in residential projects, installations by Rick Wittrig also have been incorporated into projects such as the Vancouver Olympics. The installations are intended to provide people with an escape as they take a break from the pressures of day-to-day living. As a node in the landscape, the feature serves as an element of triangulation, bringing together families, friends, and strangers to relax and socialize. Design: Third Rock The Third Rock Design is a steel sphere highlighting the element of water by removing the land masses of the world. This “inverse globe” puts the focus on water, our greatest natural resource. When the globe is lit, flames dance around oceans and through the cutouts, bringing attention to the fiery inner core. Design: Manta Ray This contemporary design is reminiscent of the movement and form of the ocean’s largest ray, the manta ray. Similar to the rhythm of the wings of a large bird, the manta ray strokes its wings and glides through the water with grace and ease. These motions, characteristics, and forms can be seen in this elegant design. Design: Barefoot Beach Whether placed at a beachfront resort or in a Midwest back yard hundreds of miles from the beach, the Barefoot Beach design conjures up fond memories of sandy beaches and gentle waves. The nautical theme features a pattern of shells and starfish surrounding the basin. While all designs by Fire Pit Art look beautiful with or without a lit fire, the Barefoot Beach design is one of the most striking due to the nature of the detail work. Design: Nepal Recommended reading: Cohen’s Outdoor Fireplaces and Fire Pits: Create the perfect fire feature for your back yard by Scott Cohen The uniquely designed Nepal piece is inspired by the form of a caldron and ancient incense burners. The burning of incense has many spiritual, religious, and meditative uses, including adjusting the energy level of an area, helping with meditation, and cleansing a space. When the Nepal belly is filled with wood and a rolling fire, it is symbolic of the soothing, healing, and cleansing powers of burning incense, bringing positive energies to the home. Design: Saturn The Saturn design takes its form from the planetary symbol of the ringed planet. This more literal representation of Saturn is a hollow and halved icon of the second-largest planet in the Solar System. The Saturn design can also be ordered with a lid, making it a functional and stylish coffee table when the fire is extinguished. Other designs by Fire Pit Art Overall Review It is important to understand the design inspiration behind each of the products offered by Fire Pit Art, as each is derived from a specific motif, symbol, or facet of nature. These features and others designed by Rick Wittrig can transform a residential landscape into a social gathering space for family and friends. Similar to a hearth in a home, an exterior fire pit becomes a focal point and anchor in the landscape. These handcrafted products blur the lines between art and function, striking a unique balance of elegance, contemporary style, and function. The company offers a complete line of unique and unparalleled fire pits, including custom pieces, which offer an opportunity to make a bold design statement. Article written by Rachel Kruse RETURN TO HOME PAGE

Green wall at Cecil Street designed by Tierra Design + POD How do you turn a boring office building into a green paradise? The designers from Tierra Design + POD transformed this previously “naked” space into a stunning vertical garden that enhances the building’s features and provides the perfect ambience for a workplace – combining landscape architecture, engineering, and interior design skills.

The Building This office building on Cecil Street in Singapore’s Central Business District had three stories added to its already existing 10, which had a big impact on the overall architectural proportions. The extended height resulted in a boring and far-too-long atrium not in accordance with human scale, creating a distant and uncomfortable environment. No other element can be more effective and appropriate to bring life and freshness to a cold and sterile interior space than a vertical garden. However, there were some challenges to overcome to make its installation possible, such as providing sufficient light to the vegetation, ensuring access to the plantings for maintenance, and adding an effective irrigation system. The Makeover The hard and unattractive elements (such as columns and blank wall surfaces) were covered with plants, turning them into soft and interesting features. Several planter beds were added between the floors so the plants could hang, creating natural and beautiful green curtains. Glass floors provide an extended view of the green through the ceiling, as well as solar radiance. The architects (AgFacadesign) also proposed a layered façade that alternates glass panels with gaps for natural ventilation and, in case of fire, smoke dispersion. Glass allows for a view of green through the floors The glass panels did allow some natural light in, but due to building location and orientation it was not enough; artificial lighting was therefore required to keep the plants healthy. The irrigation system was carefully planned and executed to provide water to a total of 13,000 hanging potted plants that make up the vertical garden, covering about 350 square meters of walls with shrubs, ferns, and groundcovers (besides the plants of the horizontal beds). The vertical garden by night Thirteen different species create an interesting texture mix — very pleasant to the sight — that can be seen through the glass façade during day or night, as the planting is equipped with elegant accent lights. A frame structure supports the hanging garde and conceals plumbing lines and wires for both the irrigation and lighting systems, as well as the platforms and ladders that are used for maintenance access. Awards The project won several awards, including the Skyrise Greenery Award (2011), Greenmark Gold Award (2012), honorable mention under the Retrofitting Category presented by Singapore Institute of Architects (2012), FuturArc Green Leadership Award (2012), World Best Vertical Garden Design Gold Award (2012), and Landscape Excellence Assessment Framework (2013). Related Article: Going Vertical: The History of Green Walls 5 Amazing Facts About Green Walls That You Didn’t Know The World’s Tallest Living Green Wall Benefits The list of benefits of vertical gardens is vast. Those on outdoor façades can help mitigate heat island effect, filter air pollutants, improve rainwater runoff, insulate building envelope (reducing demand for cooling and heating), and create habitat for insects and small animals. Those on indoor façades can filter air toxins and dust particles, improve acoustic and thermal comfort, and last – but not least – boost self-esteem of the users by providing a pleasurable environment. Green in the Workplace The quality of the physical workplace environment impacts on job satisfaction and therefore on employees’ performance. The sight of plants can reduce stress and improve focus as, from the color psychology perspective, green brings harmony, restores energy, and has a soothing effect. It is also an optimistic color and a natural peacemaker – just perfect for an office building located in such a busy and stressful business district. Recommended Reading: The Vertical Garden: From Nature to the City by Patrick Blanc Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls by Nigel Dunnett Article written by Julia Lucchese RETURN TO HOMEPAGE

Mark Thomas Architects design Kirstenbosch’s tree canopy walkway. Kirstenbosch’s Tree Canopy Walkway was inaugurated in May 2014 to celebrate the centenary of the National Botanical Garden in Cape Town, South Africa. The Botanical Garden was created in 1913 and is part of the 528-hectare state area, declared a UNESCO World Heritage site due to the large variety of animal species sheltered by the forest on the east side of Table Mountain. The place, already famous for its biodiversity and natural beauty, has the centenary walkway as a new attraction, not only for its innovative design, but also because it provides different perspectives to experience the garden.

Planned since 2012 and built from 2013 to 2014, the “Bloomslang” – which means tree snake — was designed by Cape Town-based Mark Thomas Architects. Thomas defines his work as a practice that uses traditional local materials, looking for simplicity when creating buildings and objects for the South African environment. The Design Together with their other partners, the architect produced a sculptural walkway that constitutes a subtle intervention in the park. They created a light structure based on the snake’s spine and originated a shape inspired on its sinusoidal movement that conducts visitors through a twisting tour among the trees. The design’s form was originated by the site, where there were no straight routes to build the pathway among the trees. The process that reduced the impact on the park environment is explained by its authors: “We surveyed the 400 trees in the Kirstenbosch arboretum, then set about designing a serpentine structure that snakes up and through the canopy. A true collaboration with Henry Fagan and Partners, structural engineers, and working with architect, film-maker, and 3D modeler Chris Bisset, we aim to create a gentle intrusion into a dense forest in a superb garden.” The structural supporting elements were reduced to the minimally necessary, resulting in an elegant walkway that meanders and dips into the forest, passing between and through the trees until rising above them, giving a playful character to the ecological expedition. The adventure starts at the ground, where concrete pads at each end support the pathway that gradually elevates to the height of 12 meters. It runs 130 meters in length, supported by 10 steel columns and delineated by a pipe to which steel curved elements are attached. To avoid damage to the trees, these structural components forming the ribs were pre-fabricated and craned to their positions, working as the structure for the floor, side walls, and handrails. Materials The architect’s preference for natural materials is represented in the walkway’s floor and handrails. Stained battens are laid perpendicularly to the pathways direction to make the decking and curved wood complete the handrails. The choice for this material identifies the design with the surrounding vegetation in addition to characterizing it as an environmentally friendly installation because it used sustainably harvested wood for the construction. The rare combination of wood and steel connects past and present building techniques, suggesting a meeting of industry and nature. Throughout this graceful way, visitors can observe natural life from original perspectives and are invited to pause and rest at its wider sections, where they can contemplate the fantastic views of Kirstenbosch garden and the adjacent Table Mountain. Although currently the steel structure is clearly shown, the final goal is for it to blend in with the environment as algae is attracted by special paint applied to the surface. Similarly, the steel columns will be covered by plants that will grow up around them. The Tree Canopy Walkway is the synthesis of tasteful yet simple design and a creative structural solution that enables people to explore nature while preserving the environment. The designers demonstrated excellence by creating an authentic form for the pathway that simultaneously attracts tourists and prevents damage to the environment. Article by Tania Ramos Gianone RETURN TO HOMEPAGE

Top graduate Joe Clancy shares his top book recommendations for your fourth year of landscape architecture. Continuing on from our first, second and third articles, here are 10 books that helped me through my fourth year of Landscape Architecture. Prices quoted are from Amazon. However, shop around, as they aren’t cheap. Of course, check your University’s library first. In case you missed any of our lists make sure to click on the links at the end of this article. 10. Wetland Design (Robert L. France)

Covering the creation, restoration, enhancement and construction of designed wetlands, this work provides a practical guide for wetland design on a local, site-specific scale, and reviews the impact of wetland design projects on the environment. More than 150 key principles and practices of wetland design and planning are presented, accompanied by detailed illustrations and case studies. Get it Here! 9. Dirt (Megan Born, Helene Furjan, Lily Jencks) Dirt presents a selection of works that share dirty attitudes: essays, interviews, excavations, and projects that view dirt not as filth but as a medium, a metaphor, a material, a process, a design tool, a narrative, a system. Rooted in the landscape architect’s perspective, Dirt views dirt not as repulsive but endlessly giving, fertile, adaptive, and able to accommodate difference while maintaining cohesion. This dirty perspective sheds light on social connections, working processes, imaginative ideas, physical substrates, and urban networks. Dirt is a matrix; as a book, it organizes contributions from architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning and design, historic preservation, fine arts, and art history. Get it Here! 8. Detail In Contemporary Landscape Architecture (Virginia McLeod) Detailing makes a landscape unique, and a landscape architect outstanding. Featuring many of the worlds most highly acclaimed landscape architects, this book presents 40 of the most recently completed and influential landscape designs. Each project is presented with colour photographs, site plans and sections as well as numerous construction details. There is also a brief descriptive text, detailed captions and in-depth information for each project. The projects are presented in clear and concise layouts over four pages. All commissioned especially for this book, the drawings are styled in a consistent manner and presented at standard architectural scales for easy comparison. Read our full review of Detail In Contemporary Landscape Architecture. Get it Here! 7. Biomimicry in Architecture (Michael Pawlyn) In the search for genuinely sustainable building design and technology – designs that go beyond conventional sustainability to be truly restorative – we often find that nature got there first. Over 3.5 billion years of natural history have evolved innumerable examples of forms, systems, and processes that we can now apply beneficially to modern green design. Aimed at architects, urban designers and product designers, Biomimicry in Architecture looks to the natural world to seek clues as to how we can achieve radical increases in resource efficiency. Get it Here! 6. The Dynamic Landscape (Nigel Dunnett, James Hitchmough) The last quarter of the twentieth century witnessed a burgeoning interest in ecological or naturally inspired use of vegetation in the designed landscape. More recently, a strong aesthetic element has been added to what was formerly a movement aimed at creating nature-like landscapes. “The Dynamic Landscape” advances a fusion of scientific and ecological planning design philosophy that can address the need for more sustainable designed landscapes. It is a major statement on the design, implementation and management of ecologically inspired landscape vegetation. Get it Here! 5. The Landscape Urbanism Reader (Edited by Charles Waldheim) With populations decentralizing and cities sprawling ever-outward, twenty-first century urban planners are challenged by the need to organize not just people but space itself. Hence a new architectural discipline has emerged: landscape urbanism. In “The Landscape Urbanism Reader”, Charles Waldheim – long at the forefront of this new movement – has assembled the definitive collection of essays by many of the field’s top practitioners. Fourteen essays written by leading figures across a range of disciplines and from around the world – including James Corner, Linda Pollak, Alan Berger, Pierre Belanger, Julia Czerniak, and more – capture the origins, the contemporary milieu, and the aspirations of this relatively new field. Get it Here! 4. CPULs: Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (Joe Howe, Andre Viljoen) This book on urban design extends and develops the widely accepted ‘compact city’ solution. It provides a design proposal for a new kind of sustainable urban landscape: Urban Agriculture. By growing food within an urban rather than exclusively rural environment, urban agriculture would reduce the need for industrialized production, packaging and transportation of foodstuffs to the city dwelling consumers. The revolutionary and innovative concepts put forth in this book have potential to shape the future of our cities quality of life within them. Urban design is shown in practice through international case studies and the arguments presented are supported by quantified economic, environmental and social justifications. Get it Here! 3. Shaping Neighbourhoods (Richard Guise, Hugh Barton, Marcus Grant) This substantially revised and important second edition responds to a changing agenda in government policy and planning practice, putting issues of climate change and obesity at the centre of its concern. This guide ensures you: understand the underlying principles for planning healthy and sustainable neighbourhoods and towns plan the collaborative and inclusive processes needed for multi-sectoral cooperation develop know-how and skills in matching local need with urban form discover new ways to integrate development with natural systems design places with character and recognise good urban form guide communities, and advise developers, in the creation of successful and sustainable places for living. Containing many new case studies and a wealth of new research, this indispensable guide bridges the gulf between theory and practice, between planning authorities, investors and communities, and between different professional perspectives. Get it Here! 2. Biophilic Cities (Timothy Beatley) A biophilic city is more than simply a biodiverse city, says Beatley. It is a place that learns from nature and emulates natural systems, incorporates natural forms and images into its buildings and cityscapes, and designs and plans in conjunction with nature. A biophilic city cherishes the natural features that already exist but also works to restore and repair what has been lost or degraded. In Biophilic Cities Beatley not only outlines the essential elements of a biophilic city, but provides examples and stories about cities that have successfully integrated biophilic elements – from the building to the regional level – around the world. From urban ecological networks and connected systems of urban green space, to green rooftops and green walls and sidewalk gardens, Beatley reviews the emerging practice of biophilic urban design and planning, and tells many compelling stories of individuals and groups working hard to transform cities from grey and lifeless to green and biodiverse. Get it Here! 1. Ecological Urbanism (Edited by Harvard University) While climate change, sustainable architecture, and green technologies have become increasingly topical, issues surrounding the sustainability of the city are much less developed. The premise of the book is that an ecological approach is urgently needed both as a remedial device for the contemporary city and an organizing principle for new cities. Ecological urbanism approaches the city without any one set of instruments and with a worldview that is fluid in scale and disciplinary approach. Design provides the synthetic key to connect ecology with an urbanism that is not in contradiction with its environment. Get it Here! We hope you enjoyed our lists and that they were of benefit to you, if you happened to miss out on any of Joe’s recommendations, please see the links below for the first, second and third years of landscape architecture. Related articles: 10 Books to Read in Your First Year of Landscape Architecture 10 Books to Read in Your Second Year of Landscape Architecture 10 Books to Read in Your Third Year of Landscape Architecture Article written by Joe Clancy RETURN TO HOMEPAGE Featured image: © Copyright Stephen Craven and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.

Top graduate Joe Clancy shares his top book recommendations for your third year of landscape architecture. Continuing on from our first and second articles, here are 10 books that helped me through my third year of Landscape Architecture. Prices quoted are from Amazon. However, shop around, as they aren’t cheap. Of course, check your University’s library first. Keep an eye out for my follow up articles on book lists for 4th year. 10. Guerrilla Gardening: A Manualfesto (David Tracey)

The term “guerrilla” may bring to mind a small band of armed soldiers, moving in the dead of night on a stealth mission. In the case of guerrilla gardening, the soldiers are planters, the weapons are shovels, and the mission is to transform an abandoned lot into a thing of beauty. Once an environmentalist’s nonviolent direct action for inner-city renewal, this movement is spreading to all types of people in cities around the world. These modern-day Johnny Appleseeds perform random acts of gardening, often without permission. Typical targets are vacant lots, railway land, underused public squares, and back alleys. The concept is simple, whimsical, and has the cheeky appeal of being a not-quite-legal call to action. Dig in some soil, plant a few seeds, or mend a sagging fence—one good deed inspiring another, with win-win benefits all around. Get it Here! 9. Responsive Environments (Sue McGlynn, Graham Smith, Alan Alcock, Paul Murrain, Ian Bentley) This book clearly demonstrates the specific characteristics that make for comprehensible, friendly and controllable places; “Responsive Environments” – as opposed to the alienating environments often imposed today. By means of sketches and diagrams, it shows how they may be designed in to places or buildings. This is a practical book about architecture and urban design. It is most concerned with the areas of design which most frequently go wrong and impresses the idea that ideals alone are not enough. Ideals must be linked through appropriate design ideas to the fabric of the built environment itself. This book is a practical attempt to show how this can be done. Explore what is meant by the concept of a ‘responsive environment’. The illustrated step-by-step guide shows you how to achieve a ‘responsive environment’ in real-life design. Get it Here! 8. Urban Planning Theory Since 1945 (Dr. Nigel Taylor) Following the Second World War, modern systems of urban and regional planning were established in Britain and most other developed countries. In this book, Nigel Taylor describes the changes in planning thought which have taken place since then. He outlines the main theories of planning, from the traditional view of urban planning as an exercise in physical design, to the systems and rational process views of planning of the 1960s; from Marxist accounts of the role of planning in capitalist society in the 1970s, to theories about planning implementation, and more recent views of planning as a form of ‘communicative action’. Get it Here! 7. Detailing for Landscape Architects (Thomas R. Ryan, Edward Allen, Patrick J. Rand) Landscape Architectural Detailing applies the same organization to the three major concerns of the landscape architecture detailer–function, constructibility, and aesthetics. Richly illustrated, this book approaches landscape architecture detailing in a systematic manner and provides a framework for analyzing existing details and devising new ones. Landscape Architectural Detailing includes material on details related to aesthetics, water drainage and movement, structures, construction assemblies, sustainable resources, and more. Get it Here! 6 Designing with Grasses (Neil Lucas) Ornamental grasses are the ultimate success story as garden plants and tick all the boxes for today’s gardeners. As well as providing a glorious visual impact with their swaying stems and feathery seedheads, they also provide a dynamic sense of movement and calming background rustle as the wind catches their leaves. On top of all this, they are easy to care for, provide excellent wildlife habitats and are truly sustainable if you plant the right one in the right place. Get it Here! 5. Dream Plants for the Natural Garden (Henk Gerritsen, Piet Oudolf) In this book, pioneering garden designers Henk Gerritsen and Piet Oudolf describe their special choice of ideal plants – perennials, bulbs, grasses, ferns and small shrubs. An ideal plant is one that is both beautiful and robust, performing reliably with very little input from the gardener. Complete growing information is provided for each plant along with advice on how to use it to best effect. Gerritsen and Oudolf have a genuinely innovative approach to gardening. Rather than striving for big, bold masses of colourful blooms that are vigorously pruned back as soon as they have finished flowering, the authors choose plants chiefly for their form – leaves, flower heads and stems included – which means they retain their natural beauty through all the seasons. Get it Here! 4. Water Sensitive Urban Design (Jacqueline Hoyer, Wolfgang Dickhaut, Björn Weber, Lukas Kronawitter) During recent years, techniques and legislation for decentralized storm-water management have advanced all over the world. However, decentralized storm-water management systems are still under-utilized and acceptance among citizens and professionals is still lacking. Yet management of this issue will be essential for the sustainable development of cities in the future. Thus acceptance of the systems must be improved. The main question that needs to be answered is how can sustainable storm-water management be integrated with urban design in order to create safe, liveable, sustainable, and attractive cities? Get it Here! 3. Rain Gardens (Nigel Dunnett, Andy Clayden) Rain gardens encompass all possible elements that can be used to capture, channel, divert and make the most of the rain and snow that fall on a property. Using the innovative and attractive approaches described here, it is possible to enhance outdoor spaces and minimize the damaging effects of drought, storm water run-off, and other environmental challenges. Nigel Dunnett and Andy Clayden have created a comprehensive guide to water management techniques for the garden and built environment. Filled with practical, manageable solutions for small and large-scale implementations and utilizing authoritative research with state-of-the-art case studies from all over the world, “Rain Gardens” is the first book on sustainable water management schemes suitable for students and professionals. Get it Here! 2. Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls (Noel Kingsbury, Nigel Dunnett) In “Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls” the authors describe and illustrate the practical techniques required to design, implement and maintain a green roof or wall to the highest professional standards. They go on to explain how roofs may be modified to bear the weight of vegetation, discuss the different options for drainage layers and growing media, and list the plants suitable for different climates and environments. This informative, up-to-the-minute reference will captivate professionals with its illuminating new findings, and encourage gardeners everywhere to consider the enormous benefits to be gained from planting on their roofs and walls. Read our full review of Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls Get it Here! 1. Sustainable Landscape Management (Ann Marie VanDerZanden, Thomas W. Cook) The landscape industry is in the midst of major changes as the demand for environmentally responsible landscapes increases. This book offers a practical framework for the development of sustainable management strategies. Beginning with an overview of sustainable design and construction strategies, Sustainable Landscape Management focuses on key landscape management topics including ecosystem development, managing landscape beds, managing trees and shrubs, lawn care, and retro-fitting existing landscapes for sustainability, as it maps out a sound plan promoting green initiatives. Get it Here! Watch out for the next edition of Joe’s recommendations for 4th year. Article written by Joe Clancy HOME PAGE Featured image Elvert Barnes via Flickr CC 2.0

Landschaftsarchitekten design Town Hall Square Solingen The industrial city of Solingen is located in western Germany. In 1993, the city chose to condense a series of municipal services into a new and contemporary addition to the surrounding architecture. This brought about the desire to create a new municipal precinct comprising municipal services, office buildings, multigenerational housing, and commerce. This new quarter was advertised as a design competition, with the German firm scape Landschaftsarchitekten winning the landscape architectural honors. The first phase of the project was completed in 2008. Concept The team at scape Landschaftsarchitekten conceptualized Solingen Town Square as an “urban living room” — a public place for citizens to engage and interact, particularly the municipal workers within the vicinity. The designer’s intentions were to accentuate the relationship between the surrounding architecture and landscape, linking several spaces that form the precinct through a network of circulation and verdurous spaces.

Design Elements The entry to the Town Hall Square precinct itself acts as a doorway of sorts to this “urban living room”. Its form is shaped by surrounding edifices and an adjacent bus stop. This generous amount of open space has at its center a group of Japanese Pagoda Trees (Sophora japonica) creating a space around three enormous, organically sculptured seating elements. A place to convene and communicate, this area was “inspired by the movement of people.” Upon wending through the aforementioned entrance to the center of the Town Hall Square precinct, one is led to what has been coined the “Green Wave” — a narrow piece of undulant turf dotted with Yoshino Cherry Trees (Prunus × yedoensis) that provide a panoply of color and fragrance come early springtime. Serving as both a pocket park and “green boulevard”, its linearity creates a strong visual and physical link between different ends of the precinct and through to its surrounding context. Related articles: Top 10 Public Squares of the World Top 10 Political Squares Although the “Green Wave” and its well-defined connectedness with its environs is a notable feature in the design, it is in fact the geometric black and white paving that exhibits a harmony of parts within Town Hall Square. Much like the decorative and elaborate technique of wood marquetry, this “concrete carpet” gives the area continuity and defines thresholds of space by bleeding out into a change of materials wherever greenery emerges. This is most evident when the black and white pavement meets the courtyards surrounded by the Town Hall extension to the south, transitioning into strips of gravel accompanied by mixed plants — perennials, grasses, and bulbs. These courtyards act as “abstract gardens” and, if nothing else, provide a more contemplative and secluded setting for users and pleasant viewing from the surrounding building fenestration. My Take Excessive and unneeded paving can often void urban environs of any real being, rendering them into bleak, hard landscapes. Through utilizing a bold and innovative paving pattern and its ensuing visual effects, combined with its integration (or disintegration in this context) into the surrounding greenery, scape Landschaftsarchitekten has successfully designed a contemporary take on the urban square. Recommended reading: How to Study Public Life by Jan Gehl Article written by Paul McAtomney HOME PAGE